In the case of GMO quantification, the target of the event-specific assay and the target chosen for endogene quantification are present as unique copies in the host plant genome and are not linked. I know, I know, “I’m writing about food. Title: Systems Approach and Qualitative Methods in Food Related Research … Unfortunately, your browser is too old to work on this site. To conduct quantitative research, methods like online survey, questionnaires, sampling methods etc. Numerous countries have implemented regulations requiring the labeling of products containing GMOs, or materials derived from GMOs, above certain thresholds, therefore emphasizing the requirement for quantification of GMO content [9]. After end-point PCR amplification, each partition is scrutinized and defined as positive (“1”, presence of PCR product) or negative (“0”, absence of PCR product) hence the term “digital”. we will assume that you agree to our There are two types of market research: qualitative and quantitative research. However, most of the proposed solutions are not practical and reliable quantification of GMOs in food and feed samples still remains a major challenge. Example of quantitative research title about abm strand 1 See answer fpmagno fpmagno The ABM strand in high school can be a good area for quantitative research. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062583.s010, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062583.s011. In the experiment performed to determine the intra- and inter-cartridge repeatability (on CRM ERM-BF413ek), the average value of the pooled ddPCR data showed good agreement with the certified value (Table 1) and, in every case, the MON810 content measured by ddPCR (within the dynamic range) was within ±25% of the certified value (Figure 2). Dilutions of the stock extracted DNA solutions were made with nuclease- and protease-free water (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie Gmbh, Munich, Germany), using pipettes calibrated with a SAG285 precision weighing module (Mettler-Toledo d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia). Tea ceremonies in Japan as an art: ethnographic research. Error bars represent the standard deviation between the replicates for each series or in the aggregate. A unique, single copy DNA integration-border region of the genomic sequence and the inserted sequence element originating from CaMV (35S promoter) were used for specific detection and quantification of the MON810 event. The aLOQ of the duplex ddPCR assay was therefore equal to or better than that estimated for the qPCR performance. We thank Prof. Dr. Roger Pain for reviewing the manuscript. Also, the need is usually to quantify low concentrations of transgene (down to 0.1%) in a background of high endogene quantities. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Conceived and designed the experiments: DM DS. ?” That’s not what I mean. Five replicates of the dilution series and of a non template control (NTC) were measured by ddPCR. When writing a research title, you can use the four criteria listed above as a guide. Ph.D. or Masters Students can complete research with the help of the given food and nutrition research paper topics suggested by Students Assignment Help. Probe and primer nucleotide sequences were the same as in the inter-laboratory validated protocol [22] but the TAMRA quencher in the probes was replaced by the Black Hole Quencher 1 (BHQ-1). Table S11. The aLOQ of the qPCR MON810 specific method used in this study was initially estimated at 10 copies of the target MON810 sequence [22], and at a higher range of 31–63 copies in another recent study [18]. It is also very precise at very low levels of target content. The data provided here show that, in the context of GMO quantification, ddPCR running costs are lower than those of the standard qPCR technology, given the superior throughput, and especially when numerous samples are handled simultaneously (Table 2). How do different types of flour affect the quality of the cake? It also shows very good sensitivity, suitable for GMO testing. It has to be noted that there is substantial empirical knowledge about the efficacy of DNA extraction methods related to sample matrix. Another important factor when introducing new methods or technologies for testing GMOs in food and feed is their applicability. Results from the dilution series used for the dynamic range, the aLOD and aLOQ determination, and the overall repeatability. The overall repeatability could also be estimated by analyzing the results of the experiment performed for aLOQ and dynamic range determination. Who is the author of this research title? Research Proposal submitted to the University of Dublin Trinity College, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor in Nursing Studies All these CRMs have certified mass/mass (m/m) GM maize/wild-type maize material ratios. Performed the experiments: DM DS. The reasons why people still eat scorpions in China. The basis of digital PCR (dPCR) is to quantify the absolute number of targets present in a sample, using limiting dilutions, PCR and Poisson statistics [14]. Let’s get more specific! The primers and probes of both the hmg and MON810 systems were mixed in the qPCR or ddPCR volumes to final concentrations equal to those in the original singleplex assays. Furthermore, inhibition is already assessed during the screening and identification phases of GMO testing, so there is no risk that substances in a DNA extract would totally inhibit the qPCR or ddPCR amplification reaction, resulting in false negatives. The quantitative analysis of four samples using hmg and MON810 singleplex qPCR assays requires a total of 96 reactions (see set up A, Table S9 in Appendix S2). False-positive rates observed with ddPCR. Thus, a simple ddPCR testing set-up is proposed (set up B, Table S9 in Appendix S2) that included two replicate reactions for each test portion of the sample, in accordance with the ISO 21570:2005 standard [30]. Given the limitations of qPCR for the quantification of GMO in food and feed samples, especially at low target levels and in some complex matrices, the use of ddPCR in routine GMO quantification was evaluated, following the generally accepted minimum performance requirements for analytical methods [24], [25]. Trueness is defined as the closeness of agreement between the average value obtained from a series of test results and an accepted reference value [25]. Eating disorders and beauty standards: a quantitative evaluation. Table S10. No, Is the Subject Area "Eating habits" applicable to this article? It follows a strict process of data collection. Since inhibition is assessed during the screening and identification phases of GMO testing and given the demonstrated tolerance of the assay for amplification inhibition, it is not necessary to control the inhibition at the ddPCR quantification stage. Applicability of the technology has been verified on representative matrices found in routine samples, and on the range of GMO content usually found in routine samples and relevant to different international labeling requests. Trueness was also evaluated on two additional CRMs and on samples from the ILC-EURL-GMFF proficiency program: ddPCR results showed better agreement with the target values than qPCR and were in accordance with the trueness acceptance criterion (Table 1). Click on the link to the food safety research priorities page for more information. You can choose between the approaches or move to the bakery, fast food, and restaurant topics. Canning and preserving meat: a case study. Custom-Writing.org blog is a go-to place for any student, and it doesn’t matter if it’s their first or last year of studying. What’s the actual research you’re conducting? Why do people prefer organic milk: qualitative research? gDNA endonuclease restriction for ddPCR testing was also evaluated and found unnecessary (Table S4). Transparent windows – transparency for the customers. The long-term effects of consuming fast food on health. Further, ddPCR performance was evaluated using non-digested gDNA. This characteristic has the advantages of reducing the cost of analysis, and of decreasing the uncertainty linked to droplet volume variation and dilution pipetting errors [19]. Quantitative outcome research is mostly conducted in the social sciences using the statistical methods used above to collect quantitative data from the research study. 4 - All-natural claims: Are they worth it? NFO DONOVAN RESEARCH – Food Labelling Issues - Quantitative Research with Consumers C02020 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 NEEDS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS FOOD ... November 2000 (gazetted in December 2000) and was implemented by the food industry over a two-year transition period, ending in December 20021. Caffeine in different drinks: quantitative analysis. chips or plate per sample), would lead to a cost per sample much greater than that required for current routine detection of GMOs in most laboratories. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, Whether it is the changing dynamics of dining or the latest in chain restaurant geo-location, food industry market research requires the most advanced, up to date information to create successful strategy. How do restaurants fight employee turnover? The main difference between the two approaches can be attributed to the time needed by the droplet reader to analyze individual droplets. MON810 content measured by ddPCR in five series of seven target concentrations. 5 - GMO labeling: Right to know or bizarre new precedent? Much effort has been put into improving the performance of qPCR quantification with respect to the inhibition and matrix effects [8] and the low concentration levels of targets in routine samples [12], [13]. Restaurant industry: smaller plates trend. 640118/2008/67 on performing activities as holder of the national standard MIRS/NIB/FITO for the amount of substance in food of plant origin. The DNA extracts from samples G053/12 (approximately 6,200 copies of hmg) and G031/12 (approximately 100 ng DNA) were tested with the duplex MON810/hmg ddPCR assay. There is a list of food-related topics for a research paper below. Due to pipetting errors, that were noted after loading the 8-well cartridges with ddPCR mixes, data from one reaction (1.4% of the total dataset) were excluded from the analysis. What will you prove? https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062583.t002. The restaurant industry is the area related to food as much as the others. Some of them are also certified for the copy/copy (cp/cp) transgene/endogene ratio (see Appendix S1 and Table S1). Range, the top 10 food research topic, this article restriction for ddPCR testing was also and. Eating disorders and beauty standards: a quantitative evaluation quantitative research title about food industry from 2.89 % to 0.96 ). 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