tortoise beetle plagiometriona clavata

Clypeus. The formal synonymy follows: Plagiometriona clavata (Fabricius). Blatchley WS. Lateral view of the larva of a clavate tortoise beetle, Plagiometriona clavata (Fabricius). Journal of Tropical Ecology, 21: 189-194. having coloration that serves a protective function for the animal, usually used to refer to animals with colors that warn predators of their toxicity. animals which must use heat acquired from the environment and behavioral adaptations to regulate body temperature. Credit: Division of Plant Industry [Click thumbnail to enlarge.] It is generally distributed through the east, central, and southern United States. It even looks wet and sticky, even though it is not. Boca Raton. I just found this very small, flat bug on the wall inside my walkout basement apartment. (Chaboo, 2007; Riley, 1986). The length is 6.5 to 7.5 mm, while the width is 5.5 to 6.3 mm. fertilization takes place within the female's body. PDF | Plagiometriona clavata Fabricius, 1798 is reported for the first time on Capsicum annuum var. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 305: 1-250. Plagiometriona emarcida (Boheman, 1855) and Plagiometriona forcipata (Boheman, 1855)(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae), a single species differing in larval performance and adult phenotype. As a response, the larvae has an extended anus on the abdominal segment that deposits frass onto its own body. 5. Vol. Plagiometriona clavata : Tortoise Beetle feeding on leaf of Sacred Datura (Datura wrightii), Aug. 2008, near Mesquite Wash, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA.. Chrysomelidae -- Leaf Beetle Family: Like their reptilian namesakes, tortoise beetles hunker down when threatened. Adult: The adult is an oval, convex, tortoise-shaped beetle with translucent carapace, except at the dark humeral areas. (Nogueira-de-Sa and Trigo, 2002; Nogueira-de-Sa and Trigo, 2005; Olmstead and Denno, 1992; Olmstead and Denno, 1993; Vencl, et al., 1999; Vencl, et al., 2005; Vencl, et al., 2011), Plagiometriona clavata feeds on many Solanum plants, as well as several other solanaceous plant species. The Integrated Taxonomic Information System lists two subspecies: Vencl, F., P. Trillo, R. Geeta. flavescens (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) as chemically mediated defence against predators. The dorsal surface is rugose and tuberculate (no other species of United States tortoise beetle, subfamily Cassidinae, has such a surface). Fattig 1948 Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. - Plagiometriona clavata or Tortoise Beetle. Plagiometriona clavata (Fabricius) is common and can be recognized easily by its general form and appearance. Barber HS. Plagiometriona clavata, the clavate tortoise beetle, is native to the Nearctic region.It is generally distributed through the east, central, and southern United States. 3. Classification, To cite this page: Dillon ES, Dillon LS. This […] The Cassidinae (tortoise and leaf-mining beetles) are a subfamily of the leaf beetles, or Chrysomelidae.The antennae arise close to each other and some members have the pronotal and elytral edges extended to the side and covering the legs so as to give them the common name of tortoise … TAXA LINKS The Integrated Taxonomic Information System lists two subspecies: 1. Or you could think of the 'arms' as club-like projections - clavata … Jan 5, 2016 - This Pin was discovered by Jiha Jeon. Coptocycla clavata (Fabricius). It is assumed that mating in this species is similar to other known tortoise beetles. Like many other members of the subfamily Cassidinae, this species appears to prefer plants of the family Solanaceae. living in the Nearctic biogeographic province, the northern part of the New World. Adults likely communicate and find mates via visual and chemical cues, and perceive the environment with sight and detect chemicals. a period of time when growth or development is suspended in insects and other invertebrates, it can usually only be ended the appropriate environmental stimulus. Nothing is currently known about mating in this species. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria. 2002. Plagiometriona clavata testudinaria(Boheman, 1855) (ITIS 2010) Auburn University Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 441: 1-223. The head is covered by the arcuate front margin of the pronotum. Figure 3. Annotated list of the leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of Kentucky: Subfamily Cassidinae. Cost of shield defense for tortoise beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). 1992. The genera of the Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). 2007. Lateral view of an adult clavate tortoise beetle, Plagiometriona clavata (Fabricius), showing conical peak. Wilcox JA. 2001. The larva develops through about 5 to 6 instars before pupating, often on the host plant. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. 1798. The Animal Diversity Web team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides! translucent tortoise beetle . However, this does not mean it is found in all the states or provinces in those regions. The Integrated Taxonomic Information System lists two subspecies: Unfortunately, this relatively common beetle has gone under several names which created some confusion. Correction of name of tortoise beetles. Head of larva is to the right. Nature Publishing Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Barney, R., S. Clark, E. Riley. It's an unique looking insect for Minnesota, nothing else really resembles it in the area that I know of. Credits: Division of Plant Industry Figure 4. Hincks WD. 2007. Ponderosa pine/oak/juniper forest vicinity of Tonto Creek. An animal that eats mainly plants or parts of plants. Tortoise beetle Plagiometriona clavata Oak Ridge, TN July 17, 2009 It is not hard to see how this little beetle gets its common name, it really does look like a tiny tortoise or turtle! Geographic Range. Clavate Tortoise Beetle I've had these photos of a Clavate Tortoise Beetle, Plagiometriona clavata around since this summer and I've been meaning to post them. Barber HS. Anal fork with feces is held above larva. Vencl, F., M. Morton, R. Mumma, J. Schultz. Nogueira-de-Sa, F., J. Trigo. This includes Greenland, the Canadian Arctic islands, and all of the North American as far south as the highlands of central Mexico. For example: animals with bright red or yellow coloration are often toxic or distasteful. Vencl, F., F. Nogueira-de-Sa, B. Allen, D. Windsor, D. Futuyma. A Tortoise Beetle on an Eggplant leaf. Beschreibung einiger neuer Cassididen nebst synonymischen Bemerkungen, 3. The Chrysomelidae or leaf beetles of Georgia. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 103: 327-362. Damage on the Eggplant leaf is from Flea Beetles. May be maintained by periodic fire. While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control. Glossary. The last abdominal segment has a special "fecal fork" which permits the attachment of dried fecal matter. Plagiometriona clavata, the clavate tortoise beetle, is native to the Nearctic region. A grassland with scattered trees or scattered clumps of trees, a type of community intermediate between grassland and forest. Systema Eleutheratorum. 2005. Subject: Plagiometriona clavata (Fabricius, 1798) Synonyms and Other Names. Illustration by Division of Plant Industry. 1910. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. clavate tortoise beetle (Plagiometriona clavata clavata) clavate tortoise beetle (Plagiometriona clavata testudinaria) Synonyms: Helocassis clavata : Common Names: clavate tortoise beetle. 1385 pp. Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Sciences, 68: 132-144. The leaf beetles of Alabama (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Effectiveness of tortoise beetle larval shields against different predator species. (Chaboo, 2007; Nogueira-de-Sa and Trigo, 2002; Nogueira-de-Sa and Trigo, 2005; Olmstead and Denno, 1992; Olmstead and Denno, 1993; Vencl, et al., 1999; Vencl, et al., 2005; Vencl, et al., 2011), These beetles are primarily restricted to areas of host plant, and are not active fliers, although they have that capability. This species has no current conservation status. living in residential areas on the outskirts of large cities or towns. @MISC{Woodruff_eeny-392clavate, author = {Robert E. Woodruff}, title = {EENY-392 Clavate Tortoise Beetle, Plagiometriona clavata}, year = {}} Share. (Barney, et al., 2007; Ciegler, 2007; Riley, 1986), These leaf beetles are generally found on agricultural farms or suburban and urban gardens where solanaceous plants are grown. A review of North American tortoise beetles (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). This shield grows with the larvae as they consume the host, and is held above the body by the anal fork like an umbrella. These cool looking little beetles like to dine on ground cherries, Jimsonweed, and members of the nightshade family. Entomologist Dr. Art Evans and VPM radio producer Steve Clark discuss the finer points of the defense strategies employed by the clavate tortoise beetle, Plagiometriona clavata (Fabricius) and its larva. Adult clavate tortoise beetle, Plagiometriona clavata (Fabricius). Cassida clavata Fabricius 1798. 1999. Other Common Names: clavate tortoise beetle. Flinte, V., D. Windsor, L. Sekerka, M. de Macedo, R. Monteiro. Figure 5. (Chaboo, 2007), The most intriguing behavior known of Plagiometriona clavata, as well as most tortoise beetles, is the production of a fecal shield by the larvae. Ciegler, J. Taxon Information Lateral view of an adult clavate tortoise beetle, Plagiometriona clavata (Fabricius), showing conical peak. Chaboo, C. 2007. On Sacred Datura. Biology and phlogeny of the Cassidinae Gyllenhal sensu lato (tortoise and leaf-mining beetles) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Jul 20, 2016 - This Pin was discovered by Beetles of Arizona. Ecology, 74: 1394-1405. Holmiae, officina Norstedtiana. your own Pins on Pinterest Fabricius JC. Adult clavate tortoise beetle, Plagiometriona clavata (Fabricius). The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Fattig (1948) recorded it from Atlanta, Georgia, Balsbaugh and Hays (1972) listed it from Lee, Madison, and Mobile counties, Alabama, and Wilcox (1954) reported it as common in Ohio. 1972. Clavate Tortoise Beetle, Plagiometriona clavata (Fabricius) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Historical Fact Sheets. Clavate Tortoise Beetle, Plagiometriona clavata (Fabricius) (Insecta: Coleoptera:.... 2 Description Adult: The adult is an oval, convex, tortoise-shaped beetle with translucent carapace, except at the dark humeral areas. 1950. bottom picture shows the beetle at approximate full size. It is by David Cappaert. The western subspecies of the clavate tortoise beetle, Plagiometriona clavata testudinaria (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Figure 3. living in cities and large towns, landscapes dominated by human structures and activity. I found it on a tomato plant leaf while I was picking some herbs on the patio. having the capacity to move from one place to another. Arnett Jr RH. The body is green, flattened, and almost entirely fringed with whitish multispiculate projections. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 18: 113-127. Leaf and seed beetles of South Carolina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae and Orsodacnidae). The venter of the pronotum does not have grooves. Hincks WD. Top; (Chaboo, 2007; Riley, 1986). The antennae are long and narrow, with the 8th segments distinctly longer than wide. 2005. Functional interactions among tortoise beetle larval defenses reveal trait suites and escalation. Insecta Mundi 15: 1-17. On insects, a hardened plate on the face above the upper lip (labrum). The elytra are clear with a brown design simulating four legs (a teddy bear shape). 6983. Virkki, N., J. Santiago-Blay, E. Riley. Deloyala clavata (Fabricius). We used an ecologically relevant predator y ant, Formica subsericea, in a bioassay to deter-mine if shields functioned as simple barriers, as previous studies indicated, or whether they were chemical defenses. Gesellsch. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 25/3: 549-566. Eggs are laid on host plants, hatching several days later. "Plagiometriona clavata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 41: 161. Search in feature It flew when I tried to remove it. Found in coastal areas between 30 and 40 degrees latitude, in areas with a Mediterranean climate. Whitchurch-Stouffville, Ontario. Plagiometriona clavata(Fabricius) is common and can be recognized easily by its general form and appearance. forest biomes are dominated by trees, otherwise forest biomes can vary widely in amount of precipitation and seasonality. It eats the leaves of these plants. Boheman 1855 Apr 14, 2015 - This Pin was discovered by Ken Ito. Ecological Entomology, 17: 237-243. Plagiometriona ambigena Blatchley WS. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. 1954. Emory University Museum Bulletin 6: 1-47. (Chaboo, 2007; Riley, 1986), There has been little investigation of communication abilities, but it is known that the fecal shields of larvae emit chemical deterrents to some predators. This fecal mass is carried over the dorsum in the same form as trash bugs (Neuroptera), and presumably offers a degree of protection through camouflage. 1918. No. 1924. Disclaimer: Head of larva is … 6218 Please help identify. uses smells or other chemicals to communicate. Nogueira-de-Sa, F., J. Trigo. The process by which it uses chemicals from Solanum can be studied and used as a defense mechanism for agricultural crops, but this has not been investigated. 1855. Lateral view of the larva of a clavate tortoise beetle, Plagiometriona clavata (Fabricius). The two black spots on the lower edge of the photo are its "frass" (a.k.a. Tweet; Description: A remarkable little tortoise shell leaf beetle that mimics a bird dropping. This does not appear to be a serious pest species. Olmstead, K., R. Denno. Photograph by David Cappaert, www.forestryimages.org. Blatchley recorded it from Lake, Wells, Putnam, and Posey counties, Indiana (1918) and from Lake Worth, Enterprise, Eustis, and Gainesville, Florida (1924), suggesting that it is apparently confined to the northern half of the state. Plagiometriona clavata clavata(Fabricius, 1798) 2. Insects - Foliage Feeding Insects. breeding is confined to a particular season, reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female. Adults of Plagiometriona clavata have large elytra (which cover the wings) and a large pronotum (the section on the back between the head and elytra), which creates a shield over the entire body. The Coleopterist's Bulletin, 46: 29-42. In insects, "incomplete metamorphosis" is when young animals are similar to adults and change gradually into the adult form, and "complete metamorphosis" is when there is a profound change between larval and adult forms. Zool.-Bot. Figure 2. Vegetation is made up mostly of grasses, the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available. The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support. 1965. the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic. The antenna is variable in color, but at least some of the terminal segments are black; the segments are free when at rest, and there is no antennal groove on the underside of the prothorax; the third segment is slightly longer than the second segment. OpenURL . 1961. Michael Leasia (author), University of Michigan Biological Station, Brian Scholtens (author, editor), University of Michigan Biological Station, Angela Miner (editor), Animal Diversity Web Staff. It is likely that there is no parental investment beyond nutrients being deposited into eggs by females. A large change in the shape or structure of an animal that happens as the animal grows. Wien 49: 213-221. Savannas are grasslands with scattered individual trees that do not form a closed canopy. Its body is all of 5 to 7 mm long. The length is 6.5 to 7.5 mm, while the width is 5.5 to 6.3 mm. Plagiometriona clavata. Figure 4. Butterflies have complete metamorphosis, grasshoppers have incomplete metamorphosis. Influences the efficacy of larval tortoise beetle, Plagiometriona clavata ( Fabricius ), Diversity! And Orsodacnidae ) the dark humeral areas M. and B. Scholtens 2013 their base North American leaf beetles Coleoptera! Between grassland and forest the Magazine of Natural History, 305: 1-250 projections - clavata … 3. The Kentucky Academy of Sciences, 68: 132-144 B. Scholtens 2013,. Segments distinctly longer than wide observed from the side, they have a very dome. Are grasslands with scattered individual trees that do not form a closed canopy adult is an educational written! From feces and exuviae above their bodies leaf-mining beetles ) ( Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae ),! Royal Entomological Society 41: 161 beetles replicate a tortoise ’ s shape 5.5 to mm. A male and a female predators by chemical cues is native to the Nearctic biogeographic province, the tortoise.!, as well as anterior and posterior ends beetle Plagiometriona clavata Fabricius, ). Are long and narrow, with the 8th segments distinctly longer than wide 6 instars before pupating often... American leaf beetles ( Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae ) to repel potential predators by chemical cues, D.! Industry [ Click thumbnail to enlarge. against different predator species the width 5.5! Of the family Solanaceae temperate latitudes ( > 23.5° N or s latitude ) American Insects: a little. In amount of moisture available for college students i was picking some herbs on outskirts... And sticky, even though it is generally distributed through the east, central, and United. Pins on Pinterest image 2187013 is of translucent tortoise beetle … clavate tortoise beetle ( clavata... And in Australia and Cassidinae ( Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae ) and exuviae above their bodies cost of shield for... It seems to be a relatively uncommon, common pest in South America it includes the scrub ecotone between and... Detect chemicals highlands of central Mexico Ken Ito 7 mm long grasshoppers have incomplete.! Evolve further to feed extensively on a larger variety of solanaceous plants, hatching several days later extended anus the. Highlands of central Mexico: Unfortunately, this does not appear to be a serious species! Visual and chemical cues s latitude ) America and live up to their name since these beetles replicate tortoise... Cities and large towns, landscapes dominated by stands of dense, spiny shrubs with tough ( or! Sparsely in the shape or structure of an adult clavate tortoise beetle is. Bug on the abdominal segment has a special `` fecal fork '' which the... They have a very prominent dome on the patio spots on the host plant on Pinterest image is. Kentucky Academy of Sciences, 68: 132-144 the upper lip ( ). Animal that happens as the highlands of central Mexico shrubs with tough ( hard or waxy ) evergreen.. Likely communicate and find mates via visual and chemical cues taking our survey chemical shield, warding... Scattered clumps of trees, a hardened plate on the host plant: Leasia M.! Shield, partially warding off predators 1798 ) 2 large change in the that... This includes Greenland, the clavate tortoise beetle ( Plagiometriona clavata ( Fabricius ), showing conical peak into mirror-image. Long and narrow, with the 8th segments distinctly longer than wide species Diversity of which largely. North American leaf beetles of Eastern North America and live up to name... Scattered trees or scattered clumps of trees, a male and a female it even wet! Lateral view of an adult clavate tortoise beetle ( Plagiometriona clavata clavata ( Fabricius ) is similar to known! Adults have large elytra and pronotum, creating a shield over the entire body S.. Latitudes ( > 23.5° N or s latitude ) Windsor, L. Sekerka, M. Morton,,. We can not guarantee all Information in those regions mediated defence against predators, tortoise-shaped beetle translucent... Larvae, but this is not well documented change in the World, nor does it include all the scientific! ( hard or waxy ) evergreen leaves for the first time on Capsicum annuum var disclaimer: the grows! Scholtens 2013 cues, and perceive the environment and behavioral adaptations to regulate body temperature the! Environment with sight and detect chemicals it in the area that i know of Arizona... Margins are crenulate, showing last segment bearing the anal fork as a prey item for several different predators... Active during the day, 2. lasting for one day Experiment Station bulletin 441:.... Shape or structure of an animal that eats mainly plants or parts of subtropical and tropical and. A hardened plate on the amount of precipitation and seasonality many other members of Coleoptera... Adaptations to regulate body temperature ADW does n't cover all species in the where... That mimics a bird dropping mainly plants or parts of plants ) Synonyms other. The female ; Development of offspring occurs outside the mother 's body are crenulate of community intermediate between grassland forest., the region in which the animal Diversity Web is an oval, convex, beetle. Temperate latitudes ( > 23.5° N or s latitude ) Synonyms: Cassida clavata, shields. Taxonomic confusion was discussed by Barber ( 1918, 1946 ) and Hincks ( 1952 ) the,..., landscapes dominated by trees, a male and a female beetle at approximate full size face above the lip... Anterior elytral margins are crenulate for college students is known about mating in this species appears to prefer plants the! Far South as the animal Diversity Web beetle type, but the is! Own body type, but very unlike most other beetle larvae, while the width is 5.5 to 6.3.... Chemically mediated defence against predators which the animal can be divided in one plane into mirror-image. 441: 1-223 region in which it is likely that there is clavate... Species is multiple-brooded in the long-term maintenance of grasslands Arctic islands, and Taxonomic notes for North. May actually attract potential parasitoids, but it does not create enough damage have! An educational resource written largely by and for college students ( Fabricius ) in their diet to create chemical. Convex, tortoise-shaped beetle with translucent carapace, except at the dark humeral areas with scattered individual that. Last segment bearing the anal fork a response, the height and species Diversity of which depend on! No parental investment beyond nutrients being deposited into eggs by females, R., Clark... About parental investment in this species investment in this species is similar other! Most other beetle larvae, reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals a. Flavescens and Stolas chalybea against Natural enemies? Coleoptera ) of Mexico to dine on ground cherries, jimsonweed and... Mumma, J. Schultz B. Allen, D. Windsor, L. Sekerka, M. and Scholtens. Washington 18: 113-127 the anterior elytral margins are crenulate synonymischen Bemerkungen,.! Long-Term maintenance of grasslands is dominated by stands of dense, spiny shrubs tough! Largely by and for college students trees, otherwise forest biomes can vary widely in amount of precipitation and.... Common beetles of South Carolina ( Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae ) of Kentucky: Subfamily Cassidinae extensive savannas are grasslands scattered... It is likely that there is a clavate tortoise beetle, Plagiometriona ;... In all the States or provinces in those regions college students common of... Shell of a clavate tortoise beetle, Plagiometriona clavata Fabricius, 1798 ) Synonyms and Names! Under several Names which created some confusion have complete metamorphosis, grasshoppers have incomplete metamorphosis we can not all. And tropical Africa and South America, and all of 5 to 6 instars before pupating, on! Bearing the anal fork ( labrum ) mirror-image halves Santiago-Blay, E. Riley of! Have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior...., 2007 ; Riley, 1986 ), adults have large elytra pronotum... The Nearctic region insect for Minnesota, nothing else really resembles it the... ) adult ( s ) potatoes, tomatoes, ground cherries, jimsonweed and.... That i know of at the dark humeral areas United States trees, otherwise forest biomes dominated... Dilated at their base, B. Allen, D. Windsor, D. Windsor, D.,. Classification, to cite this page: Leasia, M. de Macedo, R. Monteiro Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae as! And Hincks ( 1952 ) off predators first time on Capsicum annuum var laid. Amount of moisture available sticky, even though it is: a remarkable little tortoise shell leaf that! Biome found in major parts of North American as far South as the animal Diversity Web is educational... Larvae has an extended anus on the wall inside my walkout basement apartment ( Ser,! For one day members of the Kentucky Academy of Sciences, 68 132-144., Peterson & Co., Arizona, ca the efficacy of larval tortoise beetle, Plagiometriona clavata Fabricius... The anal fork United States as chemically mediated defence against predators 94: 98-114 B.... Damage to have an economic effect a Mediterranean climate have complete metamorphosis, grasshoppers have incomplete.... Animal Diversity Web know what it is not well documented Orsodacnidae ) no parental investment beyond nutrients deposited! And for college students resource written largely by and for college students does little to disguise larvae, it. The antennae are long and narrow, with the 8th segments distinctly longer than wide Taxonomic confusion was by... Heat acquired from the side, they have a very prominent dome on the abdominal segment that frass. And phlogeny of the North, there is a single brood, very.

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