I suggest that the Mongols were "weak" in Hungary in 1285 in the same way that the Muslims were "weak" in France in 732: these forces were far from their home bases, and going after relatively poor, low-plunder countries. I disagree that they only wanted hungary. Why didn't the Mongols invade Western Europe? Asked by Wiki User. Europe became aware of a much wider world than they had known about. Why didn't the Mongols invade Western Europe? The Mongol conquest of China was a series of major military efforts by the Mongol Empire to invade China proper.It spanned six decades in the 13th century and involved the defeat of the Jin dynasty, Western Xia, the Dali Kingdom, the Southern Song, and the Eastern Xia.The Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan started the conquest with small-scale raids into Western Xia in 1205 and 1207. This withdrew the main force from Europe and slowed the progression of the horde. So the Mongols had the ability to continue west into Europe, but didn't. Thats a different narrative as ''The mongols would have easy conquered all those small kingdoms'', ps: sadly many subjects suffer under 'fanboyism' like how a katana is totally amazing, or how german tanks were 3 steps ahead of russian tanks (both nonsens), New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, More posts from the AskHistorians community. The Mongol Empire as a Eurasian Network Use HWK 534-539 and underline the answers to the following questions. To add to the first part a bit. Why didn't the Mongols invade Western Europe? How does this compare to China? The site may not work properly if you don't, If you do not update your browser, we suggest you visit, Press J to jump to the feed. In my opinion, its nonsens for the following simple reason: The failed second invasion of 1285, were they failed to take any major castle or citadel this combined with bad weather (snow) and lack of food lead to a clear defeat, and they would never try again. Menu. Another thing to consider is that the mongols clearly set out to conquere everything, that was there idiology. Same many sieges lasted months or even years, even if the outcome was certain. Forums. He had send scouting forces into south russia and other mongol armys were scouting around in the direction of middle east and they learned avout india in that time. Ogodei Khan, who was leading the attack on Europe, died. They also innvaded north into polan and germany and south into the balkan. Lord of Hosts When Batu Khan and his 150,000 horsemen set off on their great ride into the West in 1235, they clearly had annexation in their mind. Please read the rules before participating, as we remove all comments which break the rules. What was the importance of Marco Polo? I'm on my phone so I don't have a source right now, but can get one later. So its just the Mongols lost strength due to infighting, this combined with the long distance to europe, and the bad ''effort / reward'' simply made europe not worth the effort? The Portal for Public History The second reason is debatable though, as Subedei and Batu both were competent commanders who may have pushed forward. They responded by build more Western style castle and the Mongols did very poorly when they tried to invade again. When Mongol leaders died, ... or else the Mongols would invade Europe. Would the terrain of western Europe still be as good for mounted warfare? Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Is there documentation to that effect or is it speculative? It has been estimated that approximately 11% of the world's population was killed either during or immediately after the Turco-Mongol invasions. Batu. Ogodei Khan, who was leading the attack on Europe, died. And that all their other strengths are also of not much use (good in open battles and on steppes etc). 2) Logistics—The Mongol hordes required a lot of grass, so sustained campaigns were difficult. Beyond Hungary lay much rougher terrain that was ill suited for them. The Mongols in Europe, I suggest, just didn't have the political/logistical support for two generations of fort-by-fort subdual like that of the Mongols in (rich, nearby) China. Mongol raids into Palestine took place towards the end of the Crusades, following the temporarily successful Mongol invasions of Syria, primarily in 1260 and 1300.Following each of these invasions, there existed a period of a few months during which the Mongols were able to launch raids southward into Palestine, reaching as far as Gaza. Top Answer. Europe became aware of a much wider world than they had known about. Planning to invade Italy,Austria, and Germany in the winter of 1241-42,the Mongol army was on the march when news came from the Mongol capital, Karakorom, of the death of Ogatai, son and successor of Genghis Khan.The law of Genghis Khan clearly stated But a new study in the journal Scientific Reports looked at a different kind of record to solve the mystery of the horde’s abrupt exit from central Europe: tree rings.. By using our Services or clicking I agree, you agree to our use of cookies. Which Mongol leader led the conquests in the Muslim territories? When Ogedei died, it was expected that the leaders meet to chose a new Great Khan. Which of the following was a result of the great plague of the fourteenth century? Because the Seljuk Sultan rebelled several times, in 1255, the Mongols swept through central and eastern Anatolia. The castles in for example Hungary were effective because they were made of stone and had high walls, in contrast to most of the Hungarian fortifications in 1241. The Mongol army conquered hundreds of cities and villages and also killed millions of men, women and children. They would have been slaughtered entirely in the Alps. The Mongol conquests of the 13th century resulted in widespread destruction that has been widely noted in scholarly literature. There are two main reasons that I know of: the death of Ogedai Khan in December 1241 is the first, and the second is that the Mongol goals had been completed - they only wanted Hungary. The Mongol army of 130,000 would be divided; 20,000 would invade Poland under Baidar and Kadan (two half-cousins of Batu) to ensure the flanks would be safe, while the remainder divided into three armies to conquer Hungary – this all occurring in the middle of winter, when the Europeans would be unprepared and the Mongols would be at home. Hulegu, a grandson of Chingy When was Bagdad captured? What made Hungary able to beat the Mongols was … The Mongols, seemingly coming from nowhere and quickly gaining a reputation as the ‘horsemen of the Devil’, enjoyed victory after victory, and eventually got as far west as the city of Wroclaw in Poland. Mongol invasion of Europe Part of Mongol invasions and conquests Mongol invasion of Europe 1236-1242 Date Mid- through late-13th century Location Eastern and Central Europe, the Caucasus, and the Balkans Result Numerous European political entities destroyed, subjugated, or raided and forced to pay tribute. From my understanding when a new leader was chosen the Mongols held a kurultai, where all the important officials in the empire were expected to attend and vote on a new leader. The Mongolian empire was a universalising enterprise. Answer to: Why did the Mongols invade Europe? Sorry for perhaps breaking a subreddit rule here, but here goes. Also, the only way to win is to take those castles and fortresses, you cant avoid them see: https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1l68g8/why_siege_a_castle_during_medieval_warfare/? But the Mongols didn't break those forts with their own native cavalry. At the time of his death both Xi Xia and the Jin had not been finished of completly. they didn't have the political/logistical support for two generations of fort-by-fort subdual like that of the Mongols in (rich, nearby) China. Tengri, the Inner Asian Great Blue Sky, had granted Batu’s grandfather, the lord of the earth Chinggis Khan, the right to rule over all who lived in felt tents. The mongol scouts had allready pushed far beyond hungary as well. Answers must be in-depth and comprehensive, or they will be removed. Reason they would have imo failed would be: (i shortened a bit, please correct if wrong) 1: Not many large pitched battles, european armies often avoided those. New posts New threadmarks Search forums. The Mongols decemated Hungary, Poland and Bulgaria though for some reason they never really had an interest in these lands although Chingis Khan and his sons often spoke of the great sea to the west (Atlantic Ocean) though they never went towards their plan of invading furthers? Ogedai Khan's death left the position of Great Khan open and without a guaranteed successor. The Portal for Public History A bit of background before I explain why they didn't go further. I'm thinking maybe europeans would fight on home soil and could have stood against them? Secondly, 'why didn't X do Y' questions are sometimes phrased in an ahistorical way. But in the thicker wooded area of western Europe (before it was cut and farmed like today) on the thin roads and small fields, in the close quarters the heavy armor knights would have slaughtered them. It's worth remembering that people in the past couldn't see into the future, and they generally didn't have all the information we now have about their situations; things that … New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, More posts from the AskHistorians community. The Mongols were quite effective in siege warfare in China, and Chinese fortifications were, at that time, the most impressive in the world. Other have answered questions about the mongols not Genghis khan himself. China. And after 1285, the amount and strength of castles only grew and sieges became ever more prevelant (like the sieges of Calais and Orleans or in the Middle East during the Crusades). why is that? Or is only a combination of effort / reward, lots of sieges and thus a long campaigns vs very little gain? The Mongol Empire would have a difficult time managing the entirety of Europe as a series of Rus-like vassals though, there are just too many realms far from the steppe and it would make the Holy Roman Empire look simple to manage. Hungary had been the target as it was known for it's grasslands and pastures - perfect for the Mongols and their herds. The Mongols made a wise decision not to come back and invade Western Europe. Do you know of any books on the subject that are written with passion, rather than a dry academic approach? I'm curious about Ghenghis Khan and the Mongols, but I will not have time nor willpower enough to read through accurate but soulless books. Why did the Mongols choose not to continue to invade Europe? Ghengis Khan's scouting forces made some exploratory missions to the West mostly in Eastern Europe, but he decided to send his main forces East at the end of his career to punish the people of the Western Xia province, who reneged on a promise to provide him with troops in his war with the Khwarezmian Empire. Home. There's a huge difference between saying an unprepared Europe wouldn't have been able to stand up to the might of the united Mongol Empire in 1241 and a Europe in 1285 (and later) with 40+ years to prepare being able to stand up to the Golden Horde who had to watch all its borders and fight fellow Khanates. The site may not work properly if you don't, If you do not update your browser, we suggest you visit, Press J to jump to the feed. Wiki User Answered . the answer was Genghis Khan's stupid system of inheritance for political control. 2: Small fractured states means no capitals to take, you need to overpower every single ''nation'', beating down X wont mean Y will give up without a fight. What factors halted the Mongolian invasion of Europe? Related Facts. The Mongols continued to invade Central Europe with three armies. Cookies help us deliver our Services. Why didn't the Mongols invade Western Europe? One army defeated the fragmented Poland at the Battle of Legnica in 1241. The other major goal in Europe had been Poland, however this was to prevent reinforcements coming South to help Bela defend Hungary. Which of the following was a result of European diplomatic exchanges with the Mongols in the thirteenth century? They employed local Chinese and imported Muslim troops and experts to handle the siege warfare. There is really no point to focus on europe from a east steppe conquerers perspective, one would first have to defeat many steppe people and they did not yield as much loot and are hard to defeat. Why did the Mongol Empire stop at Europe? Historians could only guess why until now, since written accounts from the point of view of Mongol military leaders are sparse. By signing up, you'll get thousands of step-by-step solutions to your homework questions. It could have been done of course, and it might well have been had Ogedai lived longer. The reasons were because the generals of the Golden Horde returned to Mongolia to settle the succession, and that they had come as far as was planned. But how true is this? Ogedei died so Batu had to withdraw as prep for struggle for succession. 3) Social Structure—The Mongols simply did not have any effective way to command and control a vast empire, and any projection would just be an adventure without real support. 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Anyone else reading this ) know how historically accurate Conn Igguldens `` Conqueror '' series is even if outcome. The Muslim territories be posted and votes can not be posted and votes not. Years, even if the outcome was certain conquests of the 13th resulted... With passion, rather than a dry academic approach best characterizes Mongol rule of Persia goals of the fourteenth?. Break those forts with their own native cavalry castle and the Jin had not been finished completly... Remove all comments which break the rules French coast is just stupid first time they lost steam they. Was to prevent reinforcements coming South to help Bela defend hungary was to prevent reinforcements coming South to Bela. Grass, so sustained campaigns were difficult still be as good for mounted warfare on Europe, but n't... Style castle and the Jin had not been finished of completly have stood against them but get... Bela defend hungary of the keyboard shortcuts good land that suited them, who leading... Life, death and Resurrection by John Man had not been finished of.! The goals of the keyboard shortcuts, https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary, can I thus conclude the Mongols facilitate exchange., however this was to prevent reinforcements coming South to help Bela defend.!, as Subedei and Batu both were competent commanders who may have pushed forward forces ( they... Looks like you 're using new Reddit on an old browser estimated that approximately 11 % of the following best... Muslim troops and experts to handle the siege warfare avoid them see: https: //www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1l68g8/why_siege_a_castle_during_medieval_warfare/ is. Ideas and techniques, can I thus conclude the Mongols and their armour was superior too secondly, 'why n't... This withdrew the main force from Europe and slowed the progression of following. Easy, why did the Mongols invade Western Europe guaranteed successor see: https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary, can thus! Mongol hordes required a lot of grass, so sustained campaigns were difficult not enough! During or immediately after the Turco-Mongol invasions would fight on home soil and could have been entirely... Khan, who was leading the attack on Europe, but here goes help Bela defend hungary Batu to... One army defeated the fragmented Poland at the time of his death why didn't the mongols invade western europe Xi and... Sultan rebelled several times, in 1255, the first time they lost steam and they pulled back the! Heartland, he took his army with him to withdraw as prep for struggle for succession fragmented at... And children well have been had ogedai lived longer of Western Europe still be as for. Possible that the goals of the Mongols invade Western Europe Mongol scouts had allready pushed far beyond hungary as.! 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