0 As technology advanced, our pumps were able to provide higher and more consistent pressures. information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) added at the nozzle end to secure it in place. Where: therefore:
On the nozzle reaction charts, you can see the amount of nozzle reaction associated with four very common 1-inch nozzles.
There have been several studies done over the past 20 years into nozzle reaction and how it affects hoseline operations. is recommended that 600 to 850 pounds of sandbags be used to counter the nozzle Having a good understanding of pump discharge pressure is essential to becoming an effective fire engine operator.
25 x 4 = 100 pounds FL for the total lay, 6. hb```"B cbIF@G26+}H}'N Ji0bwEhF[FzTIEs^90cqgr96m}8RP,v~n {Zy'@Upt0Dttt40tt0p qGPHk`B0VKXCB$-{41249h;,i`98DJH0pd` lWQn `h\ 3j ya
113 0 obj Most fire departments and fire engines have a standard operating procedure (SOP) to attack a fire. enter it beside each section of hose, and underline that number.>.
The counterweight can be determined by calculating the nozzle
The operating pressure of the smooth bore is a range from 40 to 60 pounds per square inch (psi), with 50 psi as optimal. Many people have used a variety of methods to demonstrate nozzle reaction like fish scales and rope, but the actual force is calculated using the nozzle reaction charts.
The following may prevent the pump from developing sufficient pressure: 1.
Nationally, 150 gpm has become the target flow for 1-inch attack lines. The following may prevent the pump from delivering its rated capacity: 1. 150 gpm at 50 psi fixed-gallonage fog: Nozzle reaction force of 54 pounds, 78-inch smooth bore, 161 gpm at 50 psi: Nozzle reaction of 60 pounds, 150 gpm at 75 psi fixed-gallonage fog: Nozzle reaction force of 65 pounds, 1516-inch smooth bore 185 gpm at 50 psi: Nozzle reaction force of 69 pounds. In many cases, it is being discovered that, for the most part, the only true gain has been nozzle reaction, which simply equates to more work on the nozzle firefighter.
Relay to ladder truck pump operator (refer to relay operations) 20 EXAMPLE 1: It is necessary to supply a pre-piped aerial ladder. When it is necessary to supply a pre-piped waterway, there are some basic facts the FAE will have to know: 1. employees. hZny(S$ r`)qF?X&@99=C2H.e]uqcE6;ol.
Worn piston rings vii. <>
Side-Mount and Top-Mount Pumper Delivered to the Ridgeway (NJ) Fire Company. 1. If the 1-inch hoseline is your departments 90 percent of the time and your engine company staffing is three members, you must identify what your firefighters are comfortable with regarding operating a line by themselvesit may be surprisingly less than you assume. T U\h$`,J;&K~1/a]lkm4[p}b[Cr q8HL~v~W.6ptH@l[q8!6bnGgR8CF)Bf.
The use of trade, firm, or corporation names is for the information
x]Ys8~w&V4q$7sY}]H\ dZ*$2zWw}go|7n_^UORg7MuOzURU'Ud&>uW?ok?>yS8wn' CmTcynu}|UX/ MuF>}(37q^3BU!px67\V-LBlRwwm/>VnGSErky^{Q}KY 0C_70>]^t[?~AL`L@=XVG7 vVd.8#Fg9 yG|HT-Q\j. If a relief valve is set at a pressure below the desired operating pressure it will bypass water and lower the capacity (see manufacturers relief valve operating instructions), 2. Use at your own risk! , _S+ir4 ~QA0h&@;_+bM>nF=E{a x 3=}dXoft!fv4u*bv5Q[k{s'sG>jM pump pressure discharge pdp fire loss engine friction cheat sheet determining formula
The power of an engine decreases about 3-4% for every 1000 feet of increase in altitude d. Excessive engine temperatures, which frequently occur in hot weather and during long periods of operation reduce the power i. endobj See operating instructions, 5.
When the pump operators were asked why they pumped at their selected pressures, almost all responses were not flow-related; they were firefighter-related. Warn firefighters that nozzles near the pump may have an extremely high pressure. As a rough rule of thumb, the lbf of nozzle reaction for a 100-psi nozzle is half of the gpm. The goal of these studies has been to identify how much nozzle reaction firefighters can comfortably handle while still being able to effectively advance and manage a hoseline. Does not apply to single stage pumps ii. nozzle at 400 gallons per minute. *,vm[z aO${&t } '/WZW63Wj ~9M3T`(*MC Xlszj @Y?s-`rr52FKB Vh{kKbs8:FS uf% NlC ew 5SW| S,5I USDA is an equal opportunity
Wye operations, like siamese operations are used to reduce friction loss. This lay would require 800 GPM which would create 55 pounds FL per 100 feet in 3 hose; therefore, siamesing is necessary. 1 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 3 0 R /PageLabels 4 0 R /JT 5 0 R >> endobj 2 0 obj << /ModDate (D:20071030132532-04') /Producer (ApogeeX 3.0 Normalizer) /Creator (PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2) /CreationDate (D:20071030132524-04'00') /Author (hp2) /Title (Microsoft Word - DPO Hydraulics Refresher.doc) >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 11 /Kids [ 6 0 R 7 0 R ] >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Kids [ 8 0 R 9 0 R ] >> endobj 5 0 obj << /A [ 10 0 R ] /Cn [ 11 0 R ] /V 1.100000 >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Parent 3 0 R /Type /Pages /Count 5 /Kids [ 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R ] >> endobj 7 0 obj << /Parent 3 0 R /Type /Pages /Count 6 /Kids [ 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R ] >> endobj 8 0 obj << /Nums [ 0 23 0 R 1 24 0 R 2 25 0 R 3 26 0 R 4 27 0 R ] /Limits [ 0 4 ] >> endobj 9 0 obj << /Nums [ 5 28 0 R 6 29 0 R 7 30 0 R 8 31 0 R 9 32 0 R 10 33 0 R ] /Limits [ 5 9 ] >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Dt (D:20071030132533) /JTM (Apogee X) >> endobj 11 0 obj << /D [ 34 0 R ] /Type /JobTicketContents >> endobj 12 0 obj << /Resources 35 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 6 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 36 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 13 0 obj << /Resources 37 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 6 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 38 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 14 0 obj << /Resources 39 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 6 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 40 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 15 0 obj << /Resources 41 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 6 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 42 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 16 0 obj << /Resources 43 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 6 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 44 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 17 0 obj << /Resources 45 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 7 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 46 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 18 0 obj << /Resources 47 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 7 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 48 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 19 0 obj << /Resources 49 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 7 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 50 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 20 0 obj << /Resources 51 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 7 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 52 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 21 0 obj << /Resources 53 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 7 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 54 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 22 0 obj << /Resources 55 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 7 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 56 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 23 0 obj << /P (1) >> endobj 24 0 obj << /P (2) >> endobj 25 0 obj << /P (3) >> endobj 26 0 obj << /P (4) >> endobj 27 0 obj << /P (5) >> endobj 28 0 obj << /P (6) >> endobj 29 0 obj << /P (7) >> endobj 30 0 obj << /P (8) >> endobj 31 0 obj << /P (9) >> endobj 32 0 obj << /P (10) >> endobj 33 0 obj << /P (11) >> endobj 34 0 obj << /Fi [ 57 0 R ] /P [ ] >> endobj 35 0 obj << /ColorSpace << /Cs8 58 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ExtGState << /GS1 59 0 R >> /Font << /TT3 60 0 R /TT2 61 0 R >> >> endobj 36 0 obj << /Length 1614 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream The FAE decides to use two 100 foot lengths of 3 hose as feeder lines to supply the aerials siamese in the rear of the aerial. Lloyd Layman and various others brought the fog nozzle into the American fire service, vendors started to develop automatic nozzles, and before we knew it there was a shift from a 50-psi fire service to 100 psi. General-purpose sand that is packaged 4 x 4 x 2 + 4 = 36 x 0.4 = 14.4 or 15 pounds FL per 100 feet of hose, 4. Such use does not constitute an official activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, Relief valve improperly set a.
Double-bag by filling a bag Therefore, the 2 supply line is flowing 200 GPM, 2. Actual water usage is much more accurate than theoretical usage drawn on paper.
This device is equally effective with gasoline or diesel engines. In our example we will use a wildland firefighting example. 110 0 obj BRIAN BRUSH is a 20-year veteran of the fire service and a training division sergeant at Edmond (OK) Fire Rescue. The proper size tip or fog nozzle is used for the available water supply and pumping capacity, 2. Compute the friction loss for the supply line a. Use 400 to 600 pounds of sandbags Many fire departments don't test to this standard or are not aware of the recent minimum increase from 250 psi to 300psi. This is due to the fact that the inner liner often goes back in place when the suction vacuum is removed ii. This number comes from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1710, Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations by Career Fire Departments. <>/Metadata 368 0 R/ViewerPreferences 369 0 R>> It is necessary to supply the water to the pump inlets or aerial intake when by-passing the pump and supplying the total operation. Booster tank iv. The vacuum will promptly decrease as shown by the vacuum gauge, 2.
2 0 obj Governor limiting engine speed v. Insufficient engine power, 3. Incorrect timing ii. To file a complaint See manufacturers relief valve operating instructions, 2.
What is key to remember is that nozzle ratings are just ratingswhen closed, all nozzles flow 0. When it becomes necessary to siamese, divide the GPM by the number of lines that pump is supplying. The following are suggested methods to indicate if youre not getting into a sprinkler or standpipe system with a supply line. The standard outlines that the first two attack lines in operation at any residential structure fire flow a minimum of 300 gpm combined. Yet, if used incorrectly, firefighters can be seriously endangered; maintenance costs needlessly high; and fire losses increased. In this case, prime may be obtained by closing the discharge valve immediately when the pressure drops and then re-priming, 2. Others will sometimes add 5psi loss for each appliance (gated wye & reducer or inline t) the water passes through. Intake at the GMP flow provided For course and testing purposes, the Fire Apparatus Engineer Committee has accepted a standard flow for pre-piped waterway of 1000 GPM. Each organization has their own procedures for determining Friction Loss. Always doublecheck the weight. Your crew has just deployed 3 Hose Packs on a small brush fire. Stretch a line from the pumper to a gated outlet on the first floor, 2. In this case, higher lifts may be obtained j. 1 0 obj Weak condenser or coil v. Sticking valves vi.
two sandbags together.
We
Suction hose too small a. Remove any house lines, reducer connections and/or pressure reducers, 3.
Most combination nozzles are rated at 100 psi. Valdosta (GA) Fire Department Purchases Demo Truck to Avoid Supply Chain RAE Systems Makes Toxic Gas Monitor Calibration Station. A relief valve properly set will prevent the pump pressure from rising much above that at which it is set i. Consequently, too low a setting causes too low a pressure ii.
Compute the friction loss for one line of 3 hose delivering 400 GPM a. EQUAL SIZE LINES 1. When higher than normal lifts are involved or at high altitudes, larger hose is needed. 4. endobj Our department primarily has three-person engine staffing. Where the hose outlet extends at a right angle from the riser, the weight of the hose and fittings should be supported by a short length of rope, 6. sand, also available at home improvement stores, costs approximately $1.25 per In warm, humid weather, the lack of condensation on the hose coupling attached to the discharge port supplying this line, B. Capacity limiting pressure a. endobj A three-person engine company translates to a two-member first-due attack line.
Multiply the FL for 100 feet by the length of the lay in hundreds of feet a. <>
If your pump shows output GPM, it is important to monitor water usage (for many reasons). A bathroom scale is adequate. reactive force. Nearly every operator stated they underpumped the lines initially to make it easier on the nozzle firefighter, and they would increase the pressure if the nozzle firefighter called for more water. Keep in mind, hose-lay hardware usually accounts for a very small percentage of friction loss on a hose-lay and no two types of hardware have the same friction loss. Why 150 gpm? If there were two 1 lines each 600 feet in length, the discharge pressure would be 280psi and the engine would be running at excessive RPM for the job. Ex: You need to pump water down a 600 ft mountain.
Burned distributor points iv. to double-bag is minimal. If the pump will deliver capacity with a different suction hose, it is reasonable to assume the liner on the former hose has become loosened, 6. the Nozzle Reaction for a 1-inch-Bore-Diameter Nozzle. increased to 285 pounds reactive force. This will five 400 GPM through each line.
There have been several studies done over the past 20 years into nozzle reaction and how it affects hoseline operations. is recommended that 600 to 850 pounds of sandbags be used to counter the nozzle Having a good understanding of pump discharge pressure is essential to becoming an effective fire engine operator.
25 x 4 = 100 pounds FL for the total lay, 6. hb```"B cbIF@G26+}H}'N Ji0bwEhF[FzTIEs^90cqgr96m}8RP,v~n {Zy'@Upt0Dttt40tt0p qGPHk`B0VKXCB$-{41249h;,i`98DJH0pd` lWQn `h\ 3j ya
113 0 obj Most fire departments and fire engines have a standard operating procedure (SOP) to attack a fire. enter it beside each section of hose, and underline that number.>.
The counterweight can be determined by calculating the nozzle
The operating pressure of the smooth bore is a range from 40 to 60 pounds per square inch (psi), with 50 psi as optimal. Many people have used a variety of methods to demonstrate nozzle reaction like fish scales and rope, but the actual force is calculated using the nozzle reaction charts. The following may prevent the pump from developing sufficient pressure: 1.
Nationally, 150 gpm has become the target flow for 1-inch attack lines. The following may prevent the pump from delivering its rated capacity: 1. 150 gpm at 50 psi fixed-gallonage fog: Nozzle reaction force of 54 pounds, 78-inch smooth bore, 161 gpm at 50 psi: Nozzle reaction of 60 pounds, 150 gpm at 75 psi fixed-gallonage fog: Nozzle reaction force of 65 pounds, 1516-inch smooth bore 185 gpm at 50 psi: Nozzle reaction force of 69 pounds. In many cases, it is being discovered that, for the most part, the only true gain has been nozzle reaction, which simply equates to more work on the nozzle firefighter.
Relay to ladder truck pump operator (refer to relay operations) 20 EXAMPLE 1: It is necessary to supply a pre-piped aerial ladder. When it is necessary to supply a pre-piped waterway, there are some basic facts the FAE will have to know: 1. employees. hZny(S$ r`)qF?X&@99=C2H.e]uqcE6;ol.
Worn piston rings vii. <>
Side-Mount and Top-Mount Pumper Delivered to the Ridgeway (NJ) Fire Company. 1. If the 1-inch hoseline is your departments 90 percent of the time and your engine company staffing is three members, you must identify what your firefighters are comfortable with regarding operating a line by themselvesit may be surprisingly less than you assume. T U\h$`,J;&K~1/a]lkm4[p}b[Cr q8HL~v~W.6ptH@l[q8!6bnGgR8CF)Bf.
The use of trade, firm, or corporation names is for the information
x]Ys8~w&V4q$7sY}]H\ dZ*$2zWw}go|7n_^UORg7MuOzURU'Ud&>uW?ok?>yS8wn' CmTcynu}|UX/ MuF>}(37q^3BU!px67\V-LBlRwwm/>VnGSErky^{Q}KY 0C_70>]^t[?~AL`L@=XVG7 vVd.8#Fg9 yG|HT-Q\j. If a relief valve is set at a pressure below the desired operating pressure it will bypass water and lower the capacity (see manufacturers relief valve operating instructions), 2. Use at your own risk! , _S+ir4 ~QA0h&@;_+bM>nF=E{a x 3=}dXoft!fv4u*bv5Q[k{s'sG>jM pump pressure discharge pdp fire loss engine friction cheat sheet determining formula
The power of an engine decreases about 3-4% for every 1000 feet of increase in altitude d. Excessive engine temperatures, which frequently occur in hot weather and during long periods of operation reduce the power i. endobj See operating instructions, 5.
When the pump operators were asked why they pumped at their selected pressures, almost all responses were not flow-related; they were firefighter-related. Warn firefighters that nozzles near the pump may have an extremely high pressure. As a rough rule of thumb, the lbf of nozzle reaction for a 100-psi nozzle is half of the gpm. The goal of these studies has been to identify how much nozzle reaction firefighters can comfortably handle while still being able to effectively advance and manage a hoseline. Does not apply to single stage pumps ii. nozzle at 400 gallons per minute. *,vm[z aO${&t } '/WZW63Wj ~9M3T`(*MC Xlszj @Y?s-`rr52FKB Vh{kKbs8:FS uf% NlC ew 5SW| S,5I USDA is an equal opportunity
Wye operations, like siamese operations are used to reduce friction loss. This lay would require 800 GPM which would create 55 pounds FL per 100 feet in 3 hose; therefore, siamesing is necessary. 1 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 3 0 R /PageLabels 4 0 R /JT 5 0 R >> endobj 2 0 obj << /ModDate (D:20071030132532-04') /Producer (ApogeeX 3.0 Normalizer) /Creator (PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2) /CreationDate (D:20071030132524-04'00') /Author (hp2) /Title (Microsoft Word - DPO Hydraulics Refresher.doc) >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 11 /Kids [ 6 0 R 7 0 R ] >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Kids [ 8 0 R 9 0 R ] >> endobj 5 0 obj << /A [ 10 0 R ] /Cn [ 11 0 R ] /V 1.100000 >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Parent 3 0 R /Type /Pages /Count 5 /Kids [ 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R ] >> endobj 7 0 obj << /Parent 3 0 R /Type /Pages /Count 6 /Kids [ 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R ] >> endobj 8 0 obj << /Nums [ 0 23 0 R 1 24 0 R 2 25 0 R 3 26 0 R 4 27 0 R ] /Limits [ 0 4 ] >> endobj 9 0 obj << /Nums [ 5 28 0 R 6 29 0 R 7 30 0 R 8 31 0 R 9 32 0 R 10 33 0 R ] /Limits [ 5 9 ] >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Dt (D:20071030132533) /JTM (Apogee X) >> endobj 11 0 obj << /D [ 34 0 R ] /Type /JobTicketContents >> endobj 12 0 obj << /Resources 35 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 6 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 36 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 13 0 obj << /Resources 37 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 6 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 38 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 14 0 obj << /Resources 39 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 6 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 40 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 15 0 obj << /Resources 41 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 6 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 42 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 16 0 obj << /Resources 43 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 6 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 44 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 17 0 obj << /Resources 45 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 7 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 46 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 18 0 obj << /Resources 47 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 7 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 48 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 19 0 obj << /Resources 49 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 7 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 50 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 20 0 obj << /Resources 51 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 7 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 52 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 21 0 obj << /Resources 53 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 7 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 54 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 22 0 obj << /Resources 55 0 R /ArtBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Parent 7 0 R /TrimBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] /Type /Page /BleedBox [ 0 0 630 810 ] /Contents 56 0 R /CropBox [ 9 9 621 801 ] >> endobj 23 0 obj << /P (1) >> endobj 24 0 obj << /P (2) >> endobj 25 0 obj << /P (3) >> endobj 26 0 obj << /P (4) >> endobj 27 0 obj << /P (5) >> endobj 28 0 obj << /P (6) >> endobj 29 0 obj << /P (7) >> endobj 30 0 obj << /P (8) >> endobj 31 0 obj << /P (9) >> endobj 32 0 obj << /P (10) >> endobj 33 0 obj << /P (11) >> endobj 34 0 obj << /Fi [ 57 0 R ] /P [ ] >> endobj 35 0 obj << /ColorSpace << /Cs8 58 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ExtGState << /GS1 59 0 R >> /Font << /TT3 60 0 R /TT2 61 0 R >> >> endobj 36 0 obj << /Length 1614 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream The FAE decides to use two 100 foot lengths of 3 hose as feeder lines to supply the aerials siamese in the rear of the aerial. Lloyd Layman and various others brought the fog nozzle into the American fire service, vendors started to develop automatic nozzles, and before we knew it there was a shift from a 50-psi fire service to 100 psi. General-purpose sand that is packaged 4 x 4 x 2 + 4 = 36 x 0.4 = 14.4 or 15 pounds FL per 100 feet of hose, 4. Such use does not constitute an official activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, Relief valve improperly set a.
Double-bag by filling a bag Therefore, the 2 supply line is flowing 200 GPM, 2. Actual water usage is much more accurate than theoretical usage drawn on paper.
This device is equally effective with gasoline or diesel engines. In our example we will use a wildland firefighting example. 110 0 obj BRIAN BRUSH is a 20-year veteran of the fire service and a training division sergeant at Edmond (OK) Fire Rescue. The proper size tip or fog nozzle is used for the available water supply and pumping capacity, 2. Compute the friction loss for the supply line a. Use 400 to 600 pounds of sandbags Many fire departments don't test to this standard or are not aware of the recent minimum increase from 250 psi to 300psi. This is due to the fact that the inner liner often goes back in place when the suction vacuum is removed ii. This number comes from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1710, Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations by Career Fire Departments. <>/Metadata 368 0 R/ViewerPreferences 369 0 R>> It is necessary to supply the water to the pump inlets or aerial intake when by-passing the pump and supplying the total operation. Booster tank iv. The vacuum will promptly decrease as shown by the vacuum gauge, 2.
2 0 obj Governor limiting engine speed v. Insufficient engine power, 3. Incorrect timing ii. To file a complaint See manufacturers relief valve operating instructions, 2.
What is key to remember is that nozzle ratings are just ratingswhen closed, all nozzles flow 0. When it becomes necessary to siamese, divide the GPM by the number of lines that pump is supplying. The following are suggested methods to indicate if youre not getting into a sprinkler or standpipe system with a supply line. The standard outlines that the first two attack lines in operation at any residential structure fire flow a minimum of 300 gpm combined. Yet, if used incorrectly, firefighters can be seriously endangered; maintenance costs needlessly high; and fire losses increased. In this case, prime may be obtained by closing the discharge valve immediately when the pressure drops and then re-priming, 2. Others will sometimes add 5psi loss for each appliance (gated wye & reducer or inline t) the water passes through. Intake at the GMP flow provided For course and testing purposes, the Fire Apparatus Engineer Committee has accepted a standard flow for pre-piped waterway of 1000 GPM. Each organization has their own procedures for determining Friction Loss. Always doublecheck the weight. Your crew has just deployed 3 Hose Packs on a small brush fire. Stretch a line from the pumper to a gated outlet on the first floor, 2. In this case, higher lifts may be obtained j. 1 0 obj Weak condenser or coil v. Sticking valves vi.
two sandbags together.
We
Suction hose too small a. Remove any house lines, reducer connections and/or pressure reducers, 3.
Most combination nozzles are rated at 100 psi. Valdosta (GA) Fire Department Purchases Demo Truck to Avoid Supply Chain RAE Systems Makes Toxic Gas Monitor Calibration Station. A relief valve properly set will prevent the pump pressure from rising much above that at which it is set i. Consequently, too low a setting causes too low a pressure ii.
Compute the friction loss for one line of 3 hose delivering 400 GPM a. EQUAL SIZE LINES 1. When higher than normal lifts are involved or at high altitudes, larger hose is needed. 4. endobj Our department primarily has three-person engine staffing. Where the hose outlet extends at a right angle from the riser, the weight of the hose and fittings should be supported by a short length of rope, 6. sand, also available at home improvement stores, costs approximately $1.25 per In warm, humid weather, the lack of condensation on the hose coupling attached to the discharge port supplying this line, B. Capacity limiting pressure a. endobj A three-person engine company translates to a two-member first-due attack line.
Multiply the FL for 100 feet by the length of the lay in hundreds of feet a. <>
If your pump shows output GPM, it is important to monitor water usage (for many reasons). A bathroom scale is adequate. reactive force. Nearly every operator stated they underpumped the lines initially to make it easier on the nozzle firefighter, and they would increase the pressure if the nozzle firefighter called for more water. Keep in mind, hose-lay hardware usually accounts for a very small percentage of friction loss on a hose-lay and no two types of hardware have the same friction loss. Why 150 gpm? If there were two 1 lines each 600 feet in length, the discharge pressure would be 280psi and the engine would be running at excessive RPM for the job. Ex: You need to pump water down a 600 ft mountain. Burned distributor points iv. to double-bag is minimal. If the pump will deliver capacity with a different suction hose, it is reasonable to assume the liner on the former hose has become loosened, 6. the Nozzle Reaction for a 1-inch-Bore-Diameter Nozzle. increased to 285 pounds reactive force. This will five 400 GPM through each line.